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to make A into B; to exchange A for B","to make use of A for B; to view A as B; to handle A as if it were B","to feel A about B","verbalizing suffix (applies to nouns noted in this dictionary with the part of speech \"vs\")","creates a humble verb (after a noun prefixed with \"o\" or \"go\")","to be just about to; to be just starting to; to try to; to attempt to"],"ko":["하다; 수행하다; 실행하다","~이 되게 하다; ~로 만들다; ~로 바꾸다","~로서 봉사하다; ~로서 행동하다; ~로서 일하다","입다 (옷, 표정 등)","~로 판단하다; ~로 보다; ~라고 생각하다; ~로 취급하다; ~로 사용하다","결정하다; 선택하다","감지되다 (냄새, 소리 등)","~인 상태에 있다","가치가 있다; 비용이 들다","(시간이) 지나다; 경과하다","A라는 사람을 B라는 직위나 지위에 앉히다","A를 B로 바꾸다; A를 B로 만들다; A를 B와 교환하다","A를 B를 위해 이용하다; A를 B로 보다; A를 B인 것처럼 다루다","B에 대해 A를 느끼다","동사화 접미사 (이 사전에서 품사가 \"vs\"로 표시된 명사에 적용됨)","겸양어를 만듦 (\"o\"나 \"go\"가 붙은 명사 뒤에)","막 ~하려 하다; 막 시작하려 하다; ~하려고 하다; 시도하다"],"vi":["làm; thực hiện; tiến hành","làm cho trở thành; biến (thành); chuyển (thành)","đóng vai trò là; hoạt động như là; làm việc như là","mặc (quần áo, vẻ mặt, v.v.)","đánh giá là; xem như là; nghĩ là; đối xử như là; dùng như là","quyết định; lựa chọn","được cảm nhận (về mùi, tiếng ồn, v.v.)","ở (trong một trạng thái, điều kiện, v.v.)","đáng giá; tốn","trôi qua (thời gian); trôi đi","đặt, hoặc đề bạt, người A vào chức vụ hoặc địa vị B","biến A thành B; làm A thành B; đổi A lấy B","dùng A cho B; xem A như B; xử lý A như thể là B","cảm thấy A về B","hậu tố động từ hóa (áp dụng cho danh từ được ghi trong từ điển này với từ loại \"vs\")","tạo động từ khiêm nhường (sau danh từ có tiền tố \"o\" hoặc \"go\")","sắp sửa; vừa bắt đầu; cố gắng; thử"],"id":["melakukan; melaksanakan; menampilkan","menyebabkan menjadi; menjadikan (menjadi); mengubah (menjadi)","berfungsi sebagai; bertindak sebagai; bekerja sebagai","mengenakan (pakaian, ekspresi wajah, dll.)","menilai sebagai; memandang sebagai; menganggap sebagai; memperlakukan sebagai; menggunakan sebagai","memutuskan; memilih","tercium (tentang bau, suara, dll.)","berada (dalam keadaan, kondisi, dll.)","bernilai; berharga","berlalu (tentang waktu); berlalu","menempatkan, atau mengangkat, orang A ke jabatan atau status B","mengubah A menjadi B; menjadikan A menjadi B; menukar A dengan B","memanfaatkan A untuk B; memandang A sebagai B; menangani A seolah-olah itu B","merasakan A tentang B","akhiran verbalisasi (berlaku untuk nomina yang dicatat dalam kamus ini dengan kelas kata \"vs\")","membentuk kata kerja merendah (setelah nomina yang diawali dengan \"o\" atau \"go\")","hampir akan; baru mulai; mencoba; berusaha"]}}],"rank":100,"provider":"JPDB"},"lex_3d88923fca75be4adef265790af04300":{"lexemeId":"lex_3d88923fca75be4adef265790af04300","language":"ja","headword":"上回る","reading":"うわまわる","romanization":"uwamawaru","partsOfSpeech":["vt","v5","v5r"],"senses":[{"definitions":{"zh":["超过（尤指数字：利润、失业率等）；超越；多于；优于"],"en":["to exceed (esp. figures: profits, unemployment rate, etc.); to surpass; to be more than; to be better than"],"ko":["초과하다 (특히 수치: 이익, 실업률 등); 능가하다; ~보다 많다; ~보다 낫다"],"vi":["vượt quá (đặc biệt là số liệu: lợi nhuận, tỷ lệ thất nghiệp, v.v.); vượt qua; nhiều hơn; tốt hơn"],"id":["melebihi (khususnya angka: keuntungan, tingkat pengangguran, dll.); melampaui; lebih dari; lebih baik dari"]}}],"rank":5000,"provider":"JPDB"},"lex_3eba3388e9defd4d4c84cfab15956b5a":{"lexemeId":"lex_3eba3388e9defd4d4c84cfab15956b5a","language":"ja","headword":"受ける","reading":"うける","romanization":"ukeru","partsOfSpeech":["vi","vt","v1"],"senses":[{"definitions":{"zh":["收到；得到","接住（如球）","被（风、浪、阳光等）击中","遭受（损害）；遭受（损失）；受到（伤害）；感受到（影响）","经历（如手术）；参加（考试）；接受（挑战）","被赋予（如生命、才能）","觉得好笑；觉得幽默；被逗乐","跟随；继承；传承","朝向（南等）","被修改","支付费用赎回（典当物等）","受欢迎；流行；反响好"],"en":["to receive; to get","to catch (e.g. a ball)","to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.)","to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to suffer (an injury); to feel (influence)","to undergo (e.g. surgery); to take (a test); to accept (a challenge)","to be given (e.g. life, talent)","to find funny; to find humorous; to be amused (by)","to follow; to succeed; to be descended from","to face (south, etc.)","to be modified by","to obtain (a pawned item, etc.) by paying a fee","to be well-received; to become popular; to go down well"],"ko":["받다; 얻다","잡다 (예: 공)","(바람, 파도, 햇빛 등에) 맞다","(피해를) 입다; (손실을) 겪다; (부상을) 당하다; (영향을) 느끼다","(수술 등을) 받다; (시험을) 치르다; (도전을) 받아들이다","(생명, 재능 등을) 부여받다","우습게 여기다; 재미있다고 느끼다; (…에) 즐거워하다","따르다; 계승하다; …의 후계자이다","(남쪽 등을) 향하다","…에 의해 수식되다","(수표 등에) 수수료를 지불하고 되찾다","잘 받아들여지다; 인기를 얻다; 잘 먹히다"],"vi":["nhận; lấy được","bắt (ví dụ: một quả bóng)","bị (gió, sóng, ánh nắng, v.v.) tác động","chịu (thiệt hại); gánh (tổn thất); chịu (thương tích); cảm thấy (ảnh hưởng)","trải qua (ví dụ: phẫu thuật); làm (bài kiểm tra); chấp nhận (thử thách)","được ban cho (ví dụ: sự sống, tài năng)","thấy buồn cười; thấy hài hước; thấy thích thú (bởi)","theo; kế tục; là hậu duệ của","hướng về (phía nam, v.v.)","bị bổ nghĩa bởi","chuộc lại (món đồ cầm cố, v.v.) bằng cách trả phí","được đón nhận nồng nhiệt; trở nên phổ biến; được yêu thích"],"id":["menerima; mendapatkan","menangkap (mis. bola)","terkena (angin, ombak, sinar matahari, dsb.)","menderita (kerusakan); menanggung (kerugian); mengalami (cedera); merasakan (pengaruh)","menjalani (mis. operasi); mengikuti (ujian); menerima (tantangan)","diberi (mis. kehidupan, bakat)","menganggap lucu; terhibur (oleh); merasa geli","mengikuti; menggantikan; merupakan keturunan dari","menghadap (selatan, dsb.)","dimodifikasi oleh; diterangkan oleh","menebus (barang gadai, dsb.) dengan membayar biaya","diterima dengan baik; menjadi populer"]}}],"rank":300,"provider":"JPDB"},"lex_3f8794a68dcf4adb881313fc46f135e3":{"lexemeId":"lex_3f8794a68dcf4adb881313fc46f135e3","language":"ja","headword":"北海道","reading":"ほっかいどう","romanization":"hokkaidou","partsOfSpeech":["n"],"senses":[{"definitions":{"zh":["北海道（岛屿，都道府县级行政单位）"],"en":["Hokkaido (island, prefectural-level administrative unit)"],"ko":["홋카이도 (섬, 도 단위 행정구역)"],"vi":["Hokkaido (đảo, đơn vị hành chính cấp tỉnh)"],"id":["Hokkaido (pulau, unit administratif setingkat prefektur)"]}}],"rank":7600,"provider":"JPDB"},"lex_422d226b51706e55083425ca3780baa8":{"lexemeId":"lex_422d226b51706e55083425ca3780baa8","language":"ja","headword":"おる","reading":"おる","romanization":"oru","partsOfSpeech":["aux-v","vi","v5","v5r"],"senses":[{"definitions":{"zh":["存在（有生命的）；是；存在","正在…（进行时）","（胆敢）做"],"en":["to be (animate); to be; to exist","to be ..ing","to (have the audacity to) do"],"ko":["(생물이) 있다; 있다; 존재하다","~하고 있다","(감히) ~하다"],"vi":["ở (động vật); là; tồn tại","đang ..","(dám) làm"],"id":["ada (makhluk hidup); berada; eksis","sedang ..","(berani) melakukan"]}}],"rank":300,"provider":"JPDB"},"lex_4314bfb761e0750c0d948ce07eb86ab1":{"lexemeId":"lex_4314bfb761e0750c0d948ce07eb86ab1","language":"ja","headword":"灯油","reading":"とうゆ","romanization":"touyu","partsOfSpeech":["n"],"senses":[{"definitions":{"zh":["煤油；石蜡；灯油"],"en":["kerosene; paraffin; lamp oil"],"ko":["등유; 파라핀; 램프 오일"],"vi":["dầu hỏa; dầu parafin; dầu đèn"],"id":["minyak tanah; parafin; minyak lampu"]}}],"rank":40000,"provider":"JPDB"},"lex_43cf7b8c5a3f25013ccaaaa4aab9328d":{"lexemeId":"lex_43cf7b8c5a3f25013ccaaaa4aab9328d","language":"ja","headword":"行う","reading":"おこなう","romanization":"okonau","partsOfSpeech":["vt","v5","v5u"],"senses":[{"definitions":{"zh":["做；进行；行事；执行"],"en":["to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out"],"ko":["수행하다; 하다; 행동하다; 실시하다"],"vi":["thực hiện; làm; tiến hành; cư xử; thi hành"],"id":["melakukan; mengerjakan; bersikap; melaksanakan"]}}],"rank":400,"provider":"JPDB"},"lex_51a422c4d23913694fd15f273ec1d1bf":{"lexemeId":"lex_51a422c4d23913694fd15f273ec1d1bf","language":"ja","headword":"直接","reading":"ちょくせつ","romanization":"chokusetsu","partsOfSpeech":["adv","adj-na","adj-no","n"],"senses":[{"definitions":{"zh":["直接的；即时的；亲自的；第一手的"],"en":["direct; immediate; personal; firsthand"],"ko":["직접적인; 즉각적인; 개인적인; 직접 경험한"],"vi":["trực tiếp; ngay lập tức; cá nhân; tận tay"],"id":["langsung; segera; pribadi; secara langsung"]}}],"rank":1000,"provider":"JPDB"},"lex_55663fe951c3ff30e0124e3bc5f082d9":{"lexemeId":"lex_55663fe951c3ff30e0124e3bc5f082d9","language":"ja","headword":"近く","reading":"ちかく","romanization":"chikaku","partsOfSpeech":["adv","adj-no","n","suf"],"senses":[{"definitions":{"zh":["附近；近旁","将近（例如“将近一年”）；接近","不久；很快"],"en":["near; neighbourhood; neighborhood; vicinity","nearly (e.g. \"it took nearly one year\"); close to","shortly; soon"],"ko":["근처; 인근; 주변; 부근","거의 (~1년이 걸렸다 등); ~에 가깝게","곧; 머지않아"],"vi":["gần; vùng lân cận; khu vực xung quanh","gần như (ví dụ \"mất gần một năm\"); gần tới","ngay sau đó; sớm"],"id":["dekat; lingkungan sekitar; sekitar","hampir (mis. \"memakan waktu hampir satu tahun\"); mendekati","segera; sebentar lagi"]}}],"rank":400,"provider":"JPDB"},"lex_5cb475ec40f44ab5f821d84b934b9ef6":{"lexemeId":"lex_5cb475ec40f44ab5f821d84b934b9ef6","language":"ja","headword":"こと","reading":"こと","romanization":"koto","partsOfSpeech":["n","suf"],"senses":[{"definitions":{"zh":["事情；事物","事件；发生；事情；严重的事；麻烦；危机","情况；情形；状况","工作；业务；事务","接在活用词后，构成名词短语，表示说话者觉得不亲近的事物","名词化后缀","假装……；玩过家家……","别名；又称；又名；或","必要；需要","你应该……；我建议你……；……很重要"],"en":["thing; matter","incident; occurrence; event; something serious; trouble; crisis","circumstances; situation; state of affairs","work; business; affair","after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not feel close to","nominalizing suffix","pretending to ...; playing make-believe ...","alias; also known as; otherwise known as; or","necessity; need","you should ...; I advise that you ...; it's important to ..."],"ko":["것; 문제; 일","사건; 발생; 이벤트; 심각한 일; 문제; 위기","상황; 형편; 사정","일; 업무; 사업","활용어 뒤에 와서, 화자가 친근함을 느끼지 않는 것을 나타내는 명사구를 만든다","명사화 접미사","~인 척하다; 가장하다","별명; 일명; 또는","필요; 요구","~해야 한다; ~할 것을 권한다; ~하는 것이 중요하다"],"vi":["vật; việc","sự cố; sự việc; sự kiện; chuyện nghiêm trọng; rắc rối; khủng hoảng","hoàn cảnh; tình hình; tình trạng","công việc; kinh doanh; sự vụ","sau một từ biến hình, tạo cụm danh từ chỉ điều gì đó người nói không cảm thấy gần gũi","hậu tố danh từ hóa","giả vờ ...; giả bộ ...","bí danh; còn được gọi là; hay còn gọi là; hoặc","sự cần thiết; nhu cầu","bạn nên ...; tôi khuyên bạn ...; điều quan trọng là ..."],"id":["benda; hal; perkara","insiden; kejadian; peristiwa; sesuatu yang serius; masalah; krisis","keadaan; situasi; kondisi","pekerjaan; bisnis; urusan","setelah kata yang dapat berinfleksi, menciptakan frasa nomina yang menunjukkan sesuatu yang tidak dirasa dekat oleh pembicara","akhiran penominalisasi","berpura-pura ...; bermain seolah-olah ...","alias; juga dikenal sebagai; atau","kebutuhan; keperluan","kamu harus ...; saya menyarankan agar kamu ...; penting untuk ..."]}}],"rank":100,"provider":"JPDB"},"lex_5cb6ec6f9b94a00be537e56e8a26836b":{"lexemeId":"lex_5cb6ec6f9b94a00be537e56e8a26836b","language":"ja","headword":"大きい","reading":"おおきい","romanization":"ookii","partsOfSpeech":["adj-i"],"senses":[{"definitions":{"zh":["大；巨大","大声","广阔；宽敞","重要；关键；宝贵","年长；长大"],"en":["big; large; great","loud","extensive; spacious","important; decisive; valuable","older; grown up"],"ko":["큰; 거대한","시끄러운","광활한; 넓은","중요한; 결정적인; 귀중한","나이가 많은; 성장한; 어른이 된"],"vi":["to; lớn; vĩ đại","to tiếng","rộng rãi; bao la","quan trọng; quyết định; quý giá","lớn tuổi hơn; đã trưởng thành"],"id":["besar; luas; agung","keras","luas; lapang","penting; menentukan; berharga","lebih tua; dewasa"]}}],"rank":300,"provider":"JPDB"},"lex_66e3fe48cd2b1d70d4f42bab4cb96bdf":{"lexemeId":"lex_66e3fe48cd2b1d70d4f42bab4cb96bdf","language":"ja","headword":"とする","reading":"とする","romanization":"tosuru","partsOfSpeech":["exp","vs"],"senses":[{"definitions":{"zh":["试图……；打算做……","决定……","当作；视为；看作","用于……","假定（如此）；假设","认定；认为","做成；变成","感觉（如拟声词或心理体验词之后）；看起来；感觉像","打算；有意图"],"en":["to try to ...; 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