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B1 Language LearningMay 19, 2015

WHAT DID Reduction -- Sound more American!

WHAT DIDの短縮 ― もっとアメリカ人らしく発音しよう！

Rachel's English48 videos Open on YouTube

Transcript

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Translation

In this American English pronunciation video, we're going to talk about reducing the phrase "what did."
このアメリカ英語の発音動画では、「what did」というフレーズの短縮についてお話しします。
I got a question a while ago about reducing "what did." The question was specifically about "what did they say," but we use this phrase a lot.
以前「what did」の短縮について質問をもらいました。具体的には「what did they say」についてでしたが、このフレーズはよく使います。
"What did you say?
「What did you say？」
" "What did he want?
」「What did he want？」
" "What did she do?
」「What did she do？」
" "What did they bring?
」「What did they bring？」
" There are a couple of different ways you'll hear this phrase reduced.
」このフレーズの短縮の聞き方は2通りほどあります。
But first, let's talk about it unreduced.
でもまず、短縮しない形について話しましょう。
"What did?
「What did？」
" I don't think you'll ever hear it pronounced that clearly by a native speaker with a released T.
「What」と、Tをリリースしてはっきり発音するのをネイティブから聞くことはないと思います。
"What," and then the next word "did." "What did?
「What」と、次の単語「did」です。「What did？」
" But you will hear "what did," "what did," with a stop T and a D sound.
でも聞くのは「what did」「what did」で、TはストップT、Dの音になります。
"What did?
「What did？」
" More common is "whated." Still clearly two words here, but we drop the t and flap the d.
より一般的なのは「whated」です。まだはっきり2語ですが、tを落としてdをフラップさせます。
It's between two vowels.
2つの母音に挟まれているからです。
This helps you say the two words smoothly.
これで2つの単語を滑らかに言えるようになります。
What did?
What did？
That's troppy.
それはトロッピーです。
That's smooth.
それは滑らかです。
The lips round into a tight circle, and then everything relaxes for the ah as in butter vowel.
唇はきつく丸まり、それからbutterのah母音のためにすべてがリラックスします。
Wha wha.
Wha wha。
To make the flap sound, the top front part of the tongue bounces against the roof of the mouth.
フラップ音を作るには、舌の先の上の部分が口の天井に当たって弾みます。
Next we have the i vowel, but this can be very fast.
次はi母音ですが、これはとても速くなります。
Think of this as an unstressed syllable; the previous syllable being stressed.
これをアクセントのない音節と考えてください。前の音節にアクセントがあります。
Dada.
Dada。
So rather than being a fully pronounced i vowel, did did.
だから完全なi母音ではなく、did didとなります。
It's sort of quiet.
ちょっと静かめです。
Did did.
Did did。
Low on energy.
エネルギーが低めです。
Then the tongue goes back to the roof of the mouth for the second D.
それから2つ目のDのために舌は再び口の天井に戻ります。
Whated, whated, what did she say?
Whated、whated、what did she say？
What did they do?
What did they do？
What did it mean?
What did it mean？
You'll also hear a reduction that goes one step further.
さらに一段階進んだ短縮も聞くでしょう。
You'll often hear people drop the word did and instead make a D sound at the end of what.
didという単語を落として、代わりにwhatの最後にD音をつけるのをよく聞きます。
Whated, whated, what'd she say?
Whated、whated、what'd she say？
What'd they do?
What'd they do？
So now it's not two syllables.
だから今は2音節ではありません。
Whated, but just one.
Whatedではなく、たった1つです。
Whated, what'd she say?
Whated、what'd she say？
What'd they do?
What'd they do？
The reason Americans reduce syllables like this is to get the unimportant things out of the way.
アメリカ人がこのように音節を短縮する理由は、重要でないものを邪魔にならないようにするためです。
What'd she say?
What'd she say？
What and say are the two most important words there, so they should be the clearest.
Whatとsayがそこで最も重要な2語なので、最もはっきりさせるべきです。
The others can be really fast, and we've established that changing the T in what to a D signifies did.
他の言い方は本当に速くなることがあり、what の T を D に変えることが did を意味することはすでに説明しました。
Let's talk about other words that you'll hear with this phrase that also reduce.
このフレーズと一緒によく聞かれ、同様に短縮される他の単語について話しましょう。
He, you'll almost always hear this with no H, just the E vowel.
He は、H を発音せず E の母音だけで聞こえることがほぼいつもです。
What d, what d, link it to the D sound.
What d、what d、D の音につなげてください。
What d, what d say?
What d、what d say?
What d do?
What d do?
What d think?
What d think?
Why do we drop the H in he, but not the SH in she?
なぜ he の H は落とすのに、she の SH は落とさないのでしょうか?
I don't know.
分かりません。
I'm not sure why that evolved, but I know it's a very consistent reduction in American English.
なぜそうなったのかは分かりませんが、アメリカ英語ではとても一貫した短縮であることは知っています。
I have another video about dropping the H to check out.
Hを落とすことについての別の動画もあるのでチェックしてみてください。
See the link below.
下のリンクを見てください。
What did followed by you is another very common combination.
what did の後に you が続くのも、とてもよくある組み合わせです。
When we have a word that ends in a D followed by you, Americans often take the D and Y and make a J sound instead.
Dで終わる単語の後に you が続く場合、アメリカ人はよく D と Y を合わせて J の音にします。
What d you?
What d you?
What d you?
What d you?
What d you think?
What d you think?
What d you do?
What d you do?
Now here I'm reducing the o vowel to the schwa, wadja, wadja, instead of wadju, wadju.
ここでは o の母音をシュワーに弱めて、wadju ではなく wadja と発音しています。
Either one is fine.
どちらでも大丈夫です。
Let's practice several what did phrases.
いくつかの what did のフレーズを練習しましょう。
I'm going to do them all in the most reduced form.
すべて最も短縮された形で言います。
Repeat each time.
毎回繰り返してください。
What'd you do?
What'd you do?
What'd you do?
What'd you do?
What'd I do?
What'd I do?
What'd I do?
What'd I do?
What'd you say?
What'd you say?
What'd you say?
What'd you say?
What'd she say?
What'd she say?
What'd she say?
What'd she say?
What'd it say?
What'd it say?
What'd it say?
What'd it say?
What'd she want?
What'd she want?
What'd she want?
What'd she want?
What they want.
What they want.
What they want.
What they want.
What we do.
What we do.
What we do.
What we do.
What do they need.
What do they need.
What do they need.
What do they need.
What they need.
What they need.
What they need.
What they need.
You'll hear this a lot.
これはよく耳にしますよ。
Now you know what you're hearing.
今、何を聞いているのか分かりましたね。
Use this yourself to smooth out your speech.
これを自分でも使って、話し方を滑らかにしましょう。
Link your words together and place more emphasis on the important words in a sentence.
単語同士をつなげて、文中の重要な単語により強調を置きましょう。
If there's a phrase or a combination of words you'd like help pronouncing, please put it in the comments below.
発音の手助けがほしいフレーズや単語の組み合わせがあれば、下のコメント欄に書いてください。
Don't forget to sign up for my mailing list by clicking here or in the description below to keep up with all my latest videos.
最新の動画をチェックするために、ここか下の説明欄をクリックしてメーリングリストへの登録をお忘れなく。
It's free.
無料です。
That's it, and thanks so much for using Rachel's English.
以上です、Rachel's English をご利用いただき本当にありがとうございます。
If you liked this video, be sure to subscribe, either click here or in the description.
この動画が気に入ったら、ぜひチャンネル登録をお願いします。こちらをクリックするか、概要欄からどうぞ。
But don't stop there.
でも、それで終わりにしないでください。
Keep learning with my American English in real life playlist, my Ben Franklin playlist, or my Word of the Week series.
私の American English in real life プレイリストや Ben Franklin プレイリスト、Word of the Week シリーズで学び続けましょう。
Click on me to check out my channel where there are hundreds of great videos.
私をクリックして、私のチャンネルをチェックしてみてください。素晴らしい動画が何百もあります。
Don't forget to visit my website where you can learn about my premium membership and online courses.
私のウェブサイトもぜひ訪れてください。プレミアムメンバーシップやオンラインコースについて学べます。

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