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C1 ScienceOct 23, 2026

Could time itself have disappeared at the beginning of the Universe?⁠ A model by Hawking & Herog⁠

宇宙の始まりに時間そのものが消滅していた可能性はあるのか？ホーキング＆ヘローグによるモデル

The Royal Institution15 videos Open on YouTube

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Translation

What happens when we unlock, when we try to unlock the chamber of secrets of the Big Bang?
ビッグバンの秘密の部屋を解き明かそうとすると、一体何が起こるのでしょうか？
What happens if we look back onto our origins, when we trace the clock backwards and look at these earliest stages of the universe?
私たちの起源を振り返り、時計を逆向きにたどって、宇宙のごく初期の段階を見たら何が起こるでしょうか？
Well, one thing you find
さて、一つ分かることは
is that the laws of physics, as we know them—gravity,
私たちが知っている物理法則、すなわち重力、
the particle forces, the electromagnetic and the nuclear forces, the dark forces, by which I mean not the Harry Potter stuff, but
素粒子の力、電磁力や核力、ダークな力、ここで言うのはハリー・ポッターのようなものではなく、
by which I mean the forces governing the dark matter—we don't know what they are, but probably there is a whole zoo of those forces as well.
ダークマターを支配する力のことです——それが何かは分かりませんが、おそらくそうした力もたくさんあるのでしょう。
When you look at the very earliest stages of the evolution of the universe, you see a simplification.
宇宙の進化のごく初期の段階を見ると、単純化が見られるのです。
These forces, these distinct forces we have today, merge, and we've always thought that this merging and this drive towards simplification.
今日あるこれらの異なる力は統合され、私たちは常にこの統合と単純化への動きが、
Either ends in one key transcendental formula, a theory of everything, or whether this is just one process which happened, and there are many universes.
一つの重要な超越的な公式、万物の理論に行き着くか、あるいはこれは単に起こった一つの過程に過ぎず、多くの宇宙があるのか、と考えてきました。
That's that's the scenario of the multiverse.
それがマルチバースのシナリオです。
The theory that I developed with Stephen is different.
私がスティーブンと共に発展させた理論は違います。
It's different from these two alternatives.
この二つの選択肢とは異なるのです。
It sort of sits in between.
ちょうどその中間に位置するようなものです。
I would say.
そう言えるでしょう。
According according to us, when you drive backwards this process, this simplification, this lack of diversification continues, and continues all the way.
私たちによれば、この過程を逆向きにたどると、この単純化、この多様化の欠如が続き、ずっと続いていくのです。
It continues to such an extent that all the way at the bottom, also the dimension of time, the difference between time and space disappears.
それは徹底的に続き、一番底の部分では、時間という次元、時間と空間の違いさえも消えてしまうほどです。
So this little bit like what I sketch here.
ですから、ここに私が描いたような感じになるのです。
If you go further backwards and backwards, it's the dimension of time which kind of evaporates in our model.
さらにどんどん遡っていくと、私たちのモデルでは時間という次元が蒸発していくようなものなのです。
And well, Stephen would say time becomes imaginary.
そして、スティーブンなら時間は虚数になると言うでしょう。
But really, you should not take this lightly.
しかし、これは本当に軽く受け止めるべきではありません。
If time becomes imaginary, any notion of causality or real time is just gone, right?
もし時間が虚数になれば、因果関係や実時間という概念はすべて消えてしまう、そうでしょう？
But so imaginary time is more like space dimension.
でも、虚時間はむしろ空間次元のようなものなのです。
And so a space dimension you could combine with the other space dimension, and you could close off the past.
そして空間次元であれば、他の空間次元と組み合わせて、過去を閉じることができるのです。
That is essentially a different picture than either the multiverse or unique formula.
それは本質的に、マルチバースとも唯一の公式とも異なる描像です。
It is a picture in which the very laws of physics disappear into the Big Bang.
それは、まさに物理法則そのものがビッグバンの中に消え去るという描像です。

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